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Shark, Bonnethead

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Characterized by a broad, smooth, spade-like head, they have the smallest cephalofoil (hammerhead) of all Sphyrna. Grey-brown above and lighter on the underside, it is a timid and a harmless shark. This species lives in the Western Hemisphere where the water is usually warmer than 70 �F (21 �C). It ranges from New England, where it is rare, to the Gulf of Mexico and Brazil, and from southern California to Ecuador. During the summer it is common in the inshore waters of the Carolinas and Georgia; in spring, summer, and fall, it is found off Florida and in the Gulf of Mexico. In the winter, the bonnethead shark is found closer to the equator, where the water is warmer.The bonnethead shark is an active tropical shark that swims in small groups of 5 to 15 individuals. Curiously however, schools of hundreds or even thousands have been reported. Bonnethead sharks move constantly following changes in water temperature and to maintain respiration. The bonnethead shark will sink if it does not keep moving since hammerhead sharks are among the most negatively buoyant of marine vertebrates. The bonnethead shark uses a special body fluid, called "cerebrospinal fluid" or "Cl-excess", to let others know it is nearby. It also utilizes an electric-field sensing system similar to radar[citation needed]. This system allows the bonnethead shark to position itself for biting prey within a few feet where its eyes are least able to assist. This shark is not dangerous to humans.

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